影响冻融土壤水分入渗特性主要因素试验研究.docxVIP

影响冻融土壤水分入渗特性主要因素的试验研究 樊贵盛　　贾宏骥　　李海燕 摘　要： 以冻融期间大田自然冻融土壤入渗试验为依据，分析讨论了影响冻融土壤水分入渗特性的主要因素。试验结果表明，冻融条件下，土壤水分入渗特性不仅受非冻结土壤基本理化特性（土壤结构、土壤质地、、土壤含水量等）的影响，还受冻融土壤的冻层厚度、冻层层位、冻层层数等特有因素的影响；在给定土壤质地条件下，土壤结构、土壤含水量、冻层厚度和冻层层位是其主导影响因素，冻层层数对土壤入渗能力也有一定影响。研究结果可为冻融土壤入渗特性的进一步研究奠定基础；可供季节性冻土区冬春灌溉参考。关键词： 冻融土壤；水分入渗；冻层层位；冻层厚度 Experimental Study on Main Factors Influencing Water Infiltration Features of Freezing and Thawing Soils (Fan Guisheng)(Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024)　(Jia Hongji)(Shanxi Water Conservancy Department)Li Haiyan(Shanxi Fenhe River Water Conservancy Management Bureau) Abstract: Based on the infiltration experiments of natural freezing and thawing soils in field during the freezing and thawing periods, the main factors which influence the water infiltration features of freezing and thawing soils were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results indicated that under freezing and thawing condition，the water infiltration features of freezing and thawing soils were influenced not only by these basic physics and chemistry characteristics such as soil texture, soil grade, soil moisture and so on of unfrozen soils, but also by these special factors such as thickness, position and numbers of soil frozen layers. For a kind of soil with given soil grade, soil texture, soil moisture, and the thickness, position of soil frozen layers were dominant influence factors, and the numbers of soil frozen layers had relative little influence to the ability of water infiltration into soil. The research results can be used for the foundation for the further study on the infiltration features of freezing and thawing soils and referred in winter and spring irrigation in seasonal frozen soil areas.Key words: freezing and thawing soil; water infiltration into soil; position of frozen soil; layer thickness of frozen soil 　　在非冻结土壤条件下，土壤结构、质地、有机质含量、含水率是影响土壤入渗特性的主导因素。在冻结条件下，土壤仍属三相体系，但土壤水分不是仅以液态水的形态存在，而是以液态和固态两种状态存在于土壤孔隙之中。因此，冻结土壤中的水分有冻结水和非冻结水两部分组成。冻结条件下，部分液态水转化为固态水，使土壤体系的三相比例发生变