国际贸易复习重点专业名词.doc

差异性产品differentiated goods 不完全竞争imperfect competition 垄断竞争monopolistic competition 规模收益递减increasing returns to scale 规模经济economies of scale 产业内贸易intra-industry trade 引力方程gravity equation 区域性贸易协定regional trade agreements 双头垄断duopoly 边际收入marginal revenue 边际成本marginal cost 垄断利润monopoly profits 自由贸易协定free-trade agreements 贸易调整救济Trade Adjustment Assistance 产品内贸易指数index of intra-industry 边界效应border effects 价格歧视price discrimination 反倾销税anti-dumping duty 歧视性垄断discrimination monopoly 相互倾销reciprocal dumping 境外外包foreign outsourcing 商业服务business services 技能偏向型技术变迁skill-biased technological change 工资总额total wage payments 等产量线isoquants 贸易政策trade policy 进口关税import tariffs 进口配额import quotas 出口补贴export subsidies 保障条款safeguard provision 免责条款escape clause 区域性贸易协定regional trade agreements 自由贸易区free-trade areas 关税同盟customs unions 消费者剩余consumer surplus 生产者剩余producer surplus 进口需要曲线import demand curve 无谓损失dead-weight loss 生产损失production loss 消费损失consumption loss 争端解决程序dispute settlement procedure 贸易条件terms of trade 贸易条件利得terms-of-trade gain 最优关税optimal tariff 多种纤维协定Multifibre Arrangement,MFA 等效进口关税equivalent import tariff 配额许可证quota licenses “自愿”出口限制 “voluntary”export restraint,VER “自愿”限制协议 “voluntary”restraint agreement,VRA 幼稚产业infant industry 歧视性垄断discriminating monopoly 反倾销税anti-dumping duty 市场势力market power 边际收益marginal revenue 知识外溢konwledge spillover 市场失灵market failure 反补贴税countervailing duty 保障性关税safeguard tariff 出口补贴export subsidy 共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy,CAP 生产补贴production subsidy 瞄准原理targeting principle 战略优势strategic advantage 不完全竞争imperfect competition 双头垄断duopoly 支付矩阵payoff matrix 纳什均衡Nash equilibrium 先动者优势first mover advantage 多边协定multilateral agreement 最惠国原则most favored nation principle 囚徒困境prisoner`s dilemma 特惠贸易协定preferential trade agreements 原产地规则rules of origin 贸易创造trade creation 贸易转移trade diversion 劳工标准labor standards 最低生活工资living wage 多边环境协定multilateral environmental agreements 公地悲剧tragedy for the commons 公共财产common property 81.京都议定书Kyoto Protocol 1、商品贸易：merchandi