钙硅对酸雨胁迫下小麦生长和养分吸收的影响.docVIP

钙、硅对酸雨胁迫下小麦生长和养分吸收的影响* HYPERLINK /qikan/periodical.articles/yystxb/index.html 应用生态学报CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY1999年 第10卷 第5期 Vol.10 No.5 1999 梁永超　沈其荣　张爱国　沈振国 【摘要】　采用盆栽试验方法研究了在模拟酸雨胁迫下施用碳酸钙和硅酸钠对红壤酸化、土壤活性铝和速效养分含量以及小麦生长、养分吸收与积累的影响.结果表明，短期内(2个月）喷施pH3.0的酸雨对红壤酸化有一定的促进作用，但对小麦生长无显著不良影响，反而因酸雨中含有N、S、K等营养元素，可起到一定的促进作用.施用碳酸钙和硅酸钠具有抑制土壤酸化、降低活性铝的作用，但碳酸钙用量应控制在2.0g.kg-1以下，否则将降低土壤磷的生物有效性，抑制小麦生长.与此相反，硅酸钠的施用则大幅度提高土壤有效磷含量，促进小麦对P的吸收和利用，同时也有利于N、K等元素的利用，从而显著促进作物生长.此外，Si还具有显著提高作物抗麦蚜危害的能力.关键词　铝毒　钙　硅　酸雨　小麦 Effect of calcium and silicon on growth of and nutrient uptake by wheat exposed to simulated acid rain. Liang Yongchao, Shen Qirong, Zhang Aiguo and Shen Zhenguo(College of Natural Resources，Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,1999,10(5):589～592. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of calcium carbonate and sodium silicate on the acidification of red soil, and on the growth of and nutrient uptake by wheat (Tritum aestivum cv. Yangmai No.5) exposed to simulated acid rain. The result indicated that the deposition of simulated pH3.0 acid rain onto the foliage of wheat decreased soil pH to some degree, which had no inhibitory, but promotion effect on wheat growth, due to its contained N, S, and K elements. Applying calcium carbonate and sodium silicate to the soil before exposure, inhibited soil acidification and aluminum activation. However, the application rate of carbonate should be no more than 2.0g.kg-1, otherwise, it would considerably decrease the bio-availability of soil phosphorus, and inhibited plant growth. In contrast, adding silicate significantly increased soil available phosphorus content, and enhanced the uptake of phosphorus　as well as nitrogen and potassium by wheat. Additionally, the Si-fed wheat plants were found to be more resistant to wheat aphid.Key words　Aluminum toxicity, Calcium, Silicon, Simulated acid rain, Wheat. 1　引　　言 　　酸雨是重要的生态环境问题之一.我国自80年代以来，酸雨现象日趋严重，造成了对森林、水体和农田生态系统的直接或间接危害.