文艺复兴时期人文主义、古典主义.ppt

The Renaissance Humanism;The renaissance and the Humanism; 人文主义是欧洲文艺复兴运动时期出现的一种资产阶级的世界观，是文艺复兴的指导思想，强调人的自然本性、价值、自由意志、世俗生活和世俗教育;The origin of Humanism; Early humanists, such as Petrarch(彼特拉克), Coluccio Salutati(科卢乔?萨卢塔蒂 ) and Leonardo De Vinci(达芬奇), were great collectors of antique manuscripts. Many worked for the organized Church and were in holy orders (like Petrarch), while others were lawyers and chancellors of Italian cities, like Petrarchs disciple, Salutati, the Chancellor of Florence, and thus had access to book copying workshops...; Francesco Petrarca 彼特拉克 （1304—1374） Petrarca is traditionally called the father of Humanism and considered by many to be the “father of the Renaissance.”;What is humanism; By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, humanists voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. ;The main content of humanism; 文艺复兴时期的思想,因其对“人”的发现和重视，被后世称作人文主义(Humanism)思想. (1)从对上帝与彼世的关注，转到对人与现实社会与自然的关注。不仅促进了哲学、文学等各项发展，而且带来了“科学的发现”。 (2)反对神权，肯定人的价值、尊严和高贵。 (3)提倡理性精神，反对蒙昧与愚民 薄伽丘《十日谈》 爱拉斯莫的《愚神颂》 (4)反对禁欲主义，要求现世权利 我是凡人，我只要凡人的幸福。 ——彼特拉克 (5)反对等级观念，要求平等 ;The features of humanism; What a piece of work is man; how noble in reason; how infinite in faculty, in form and moving how express and admirable; in action how like an angel; in apprehension how like a god! The beauty of the world, the paragon of animals. ;2. Emphasizing secular happiness and individualism against the medieval ideas of asceticism; Influences: shifting man’s interest from Christianity to humanity, from religion to philosophy, from beauty and greatness of God to the beauty of human body in all its joys and pains. ;3. Applying Ar