英语句子基本知识.doc

PAGE  一、英语句子的基本知识 （一）英语句子按交际功能的分类 1. 陈述句(declarative sentence) 用来陈述一项事实或说话人的看法。例如： We looked upon our youth as the future of our mother-land. I haven’t finished my work yet. There are various kinds of jobs in the world. 2. 疑问句 (interrogative sentence) 疑问句提出问题，启发读者思考，文章中正确使用疑问句可以加深读者对主题的理解。疑问句可以分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。 一般疑问句 (general questions) Can you finish the work in time? Have you concluded the business? 特殊疑问句(wh-Questions) Where do you work? Which point of views is most valid? 选择疑问句(alternative questions) Do you want coffee or tea? 反义疑问句(tag-questions) He doesn’t know her, does he? 3. 祈使句(imperative sentence) 用来表达命令、请求或建议。例如： Don’t be late next time! Let’s not talk about it any more. John take these books to the reading-room! 4. 感叹句(exclamatory sentence) 用来表示强烈的情感。例如： What a long time we have been waiting! How hard they are working now! The patient went out without the doctor’s permission! （二）英语句子按语法结构的分类 1.简单句(simple sentence) 简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。例如： The whole village came out to welcome him home. The temperature and pressure are controlled and adjusted with these switches. 2.并列句(compound sentence ) 并列句是由等立连词或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起。例如： An urgent telegram was sent to her husband and she was waiting for a reply. You can’t count on him to help; he is such a busy man. 3. 复合句(complex sentence) 复合句，即主从复合句，是有关联词连接主句和从句构成的。例如： Whether we go or not has not been decided. It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was. I don’t doubt that he can do a good job of it. 二、英语基本句型的扩展 在用英语写作时，我们可以通过句型的扩展增加某些修饰或限定成分，加大句子信息量，避免使用干巴巴的句子组织文章。适当增加某些修饰或限定成分，可以使句子结构严谨，语义连贯，表意清晰，逻辑性强。现举几例，以供参考。 （1）The students work hard. The students work very hard. The students in our class work very hard. In our class the students work hard from morning till night. (2) This is for us to decide. How to use it is for us to decide. How to use it is for us, not for the computer, to decide. (3) Do not leave the building! Do not leave the building until in