专业英语[遗传学基础].pptVIP

Lesson fourFoundation of genetics遗传学的基础;孟德尔生平介绍;背景知识;泛生论;种质学说;显性基因Vs隐性基因;纯合子Vs杂合子;基因型Vs表现型;分离规律Vs自由组合规律;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;YR;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;1.Early theories of inheritance遗传学的早期理论;Based on experiments with mice, Weismann proposed that/ hereditary information in gametes [g?mi:t] /transmitted/ traits /to progeny [pr?d?ini] . 基于小鼠实验，魏斯曼提出配子中的遗传信息可以将遗传特性传递给后代。 ;Both of these early views/ incorporated [ink?:p?reitid] / the blending [blendi?] theory: they held that /heritable[herit?bl] traits of the two parents /blend, so that /the distinct characteristics [k?r?kt?ristik] of each /are lost /in offspring. 这两个早期观点组合起来形成混合理论：两个亲本的遗传特征混合，那么每个亲本的不同特征就在子代中丧失了。 ;2. Gregor Mendel and the Birth of Genetics格里戈-孟德尔和遗传学的诞生;Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian [?:g?stini?n] monk [m??k] in the monastery [m?n?st?ri] at Brunn, Austria, is known as the “father of genetics”. 格里戈 -孟德尔，是奥地利布鲁恩的修道院的一名奥古斯丁修道士，是众所周知的遗传学之父。 ;Having been exposed to/ theories of the particular nature of matter /while a university student /and having a background in mathematics, Mendel carried out /a series of/ carefully planned experiments /that demonstrated the particulate [p?tikjulit] nature of heredity [h?rediti] . 孟德尔曾在读大学时学习（接触）了物质的粒子属性,并且，孟德尔有数学基础，于是，他进行了一系列周密安排的实验来证实遗传的颗粒属性。 ;His revolutionary ideas /were neither understood /nor accepted /until many years after Mendel died. 直到他去世后若干年，他的创新性的理论才被理解和接受。 ;3. Mendel’s Classic Experiments孟德尔的经典实验;Mendel studied genetics /through plant-breeding experiments /with the garden pea, a plant/ that is self-fertilizing /and breeds [bri:d] true (each offspring is identical to the parent in the trait of interest). 孟德尔通过豌豆育种实验来研究遗传学，豌豆是自花授粉的，并且是真实遗传的(每个子代和亲本的遗传特征是一样的)。 ;To test the blending theory, he focused /his research /on seven distinct characters. 为验证混合理论