2014高考英语2轮语法篇专题：专题5介词.pptVIP

专题五 介 词;一、介词的分类 （1）从用法分类; 表示除去;（2）从结构分类 ; 短语介词 ; 【考点一】考查with/without复合结构 介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词（分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词）在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。 With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily. Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden. 【即学即练】 单项填空 ①It was a pity that the great writer died _____ his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of 解析：选B。考查with复合结构。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，则用现在分词表示主动。; 【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词 （1）by, in, on三词都可表示旅行的方式 ①不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。 ②涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。 ③当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如travel to New York in this plane，leave on an early train，go to school on my bike等。 注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。 （2）with, by, in三词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。 ①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。 They are digging with a pick/spade. We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.;②by, in, on, over, through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。 注意：①使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如in English/Japanese；in blue ink等。 ②表达“用……方法/式”时，所用介词有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。 【考点三】考查of+抽象名词的用法 “of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相同，??句中可作表语、定语、补语。 of+great/much +抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式 of+no+抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式 It is of great value.=It is very valuable. It is of no use.=It is useless. The camel is of great help to the Arab. ＝The camel is very helpful to the Arab.; 【考点四】考查表示程度的介词by, to, beyond by 表示“增加了……”；to表示“增加到……”；beyond表示“范围, 限度超出”。 This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average incomes. 【即学即练】 单项填空 ②Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ______ the visiting hours. A. during B. at C