环境流行病学.docVIP

环境流行病学 Environmental epidemiology?is the branch of? HYPERLINK /translate_c?hl=zh-CNlangpair=en%7Czh-CNrurl=.hku=/wiki/Epidemiologyusg=ALkJrhg4rwrns5xAKZeWCWN0Dd_iwsEDWg epidemiology?concerned with discovery of the environmental exposures that contribute to or protect against injuries, illnesses, developmental conditions, disabilities, and deaths; and identification of public health and health care actions to avoid, prepare for, and effectively manage the risks associated with harmful exposures. 环境流行病学的分支的发现，有助于防范的受伤，疾病，发育情况，残疾和死亡的 HYPERLINK /translate_c?hl=zh-CNlangpair=en%7Czh-CNrurl=.hku=/wiki/Epidemiologyusg=ALkJrhg4rwrns5xAKZeWCWN0Dd_iwsEDWg \o 流行病学 环境暴露有关的流行病学和公共健康和卫生保健措施，以避免鉴定，准备，并有效地管理与有害的风险相关的风险。? Environmental epidemiology studies external factors that affect the incidence, prevalence, and geographic range of health conditions 环境流行病学研究外部因素影响发病率，患病率，地域范围和卫生条件。 . These factors may be naturally occurring or may be introduced into environments where people live, work, and play. ?这些因素可能是自然发生的或可能引入到环境中，人们生活，工作，并发挥。 Environmental exposures are involuntary and thus generally exclude occupational exposures and voluntary exposures such as active smoking, medications, and diet. ?环境暴露是无意识的，因而一般排除职业暴露和主动吸烟，药物，饮食，如自愿曝光。 Proximate exposures occur through air, food, water, and dermal contact. 近因风险发生的通过空气，食物，水，和皮肤接触。 Environmental epidemiology research can inform? HYPERLINK /translate_c?hl=zh-CNlangpair=en%7Czh-CNrurl=.hku=/wiki/Risk_assessmentusg=ALkJrhidvgblObslBMvN0u-HyCx1RXfIhw risk assessments?; development of standards and other risk management activities; and estimates of the co-benefits and co-harms of policies designed to reduce global environment change, including policies implemented in other sectors (eg food and water) that can affect human health. 环境流行病学研究，可以 HYPERLINK /translate_c?hl=zh-CNlangpair=en%7Czh-CNrurl=.hku=/wiki/Risk_assessmentusg=ALkJrhidvgblObslBMvN0u-HyCx1RXfIhw \o 风险评估 告知风险评估标准和其他风险管理活动的发展;和共同利益和合作，旨在减少全球环