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Lepton-pair production in nuclear collisions - past, present, future.pdf

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Lepton-pair production in nuclear collisions - past, present, future

a r X i v : 0 7 1 0 .5 4 3 3 v 1 [ n u c l - e x ] 2 9 O c t 2 0 0 7 Lepton-pair production in nuclear collisions - past, present, future Hans J. Specht Physikalisches Institut, Universita?t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Abstract The key results on lepton-pair production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions are shortly re- viewed, starting at the roots of pp collisions in the seventies, and ending at the perspectives of the colliders RHIC and LHC. The presence is dominated by the recent precision results from NA60 at the CERN SPS, culminating in the first measurement of the in-medium ρ spectral function and the transverse flow of the associated thermal radiation. The seeming cut-off of the flow above the ρ may well be the first direct hint for thermal radiation of partonic origin in nuclear collisions. The major milestones in the theoretical developments are also covered. Key words: Relativistic heavy-ion collisions, Quark-gluon plasma, Lepton Pairs PACS: 25.75.-q, 12.38.Mh, 13.85.Qk 1. The past: from pp to the first results in AA collisions The interest in continuum lepton-pair production in high-energy collisions dates back to the seventies, triggered by the detection of the Drell-Yan process [1] and the J/ψ. The latter, in particular, sharpened the attention to anything which might still have escaped detection, and a flood of new experimental findings on lepton pairs appeared, both for low masses (LMR, M1 GeV) and for intermediate masses (IMR, 1M2.5 GeV). The results were usually compared to expectations from an “hadron-decay cocktail”, contain- ing all contributions known at that time. An excess of single leptons and lepton pairs above the known sources was indeed found, coined “anomalous” pairs, and created great excitement. A review of the situation in the LMR region as of 1984 is contained in [2]. Unfortunately, the results did not survive critical reassessment in later years, and they were finally recognized by Helios-1 [3] and, with higher pre