lecture 2 动词的时态与语态.pptVIP

动词的时态和语态 动词的时态 动词的时态——将来完成时 7. 将来完成时的构成形式: will/shall have + done 表示到将来某一时间为止将完成的事情，或延续到那时的事情。如： I hope they ______ this road by the time I come back next year. A) have repaired B) will repair C) are to repair D) will have repaired 通常情况下，我们多用主动语态，但有时由于不知道动作的执行者，或出于礼貌，或为了强调等原因，要用被动语态。主要有下列几种情况： 1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The project will be finished next year. 这个计划将于明年完成。 2. 当强调或侧重动作的承受者时。 His new car was stolen. 他的新车被盗了。 3. 由于处于婉转、礼貌等不愿说出动作的执行者时。 He was considered to be a computer genius. 4. 有些动词习惯上常用被动结构。 The professor was born in 1937. 那位教授出生于1937年。 It is said that the man is a writer. （=The man is said to be a writer.） 据说那个人是个作家。 2）有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思: 在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。常用的这类动词有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut 等等。例如： The book sells well. Your composition reads well. This pen writes smoothly. 短语中的被动结构 make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 You’d better speak louder to make you heard by all of your classmates. I’d like to have my hair cut short. 使用被动语态应注意的问题 不及物动词没有被动语态。如： appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 使役动词make, have及感官动词see, hear, notice, feel, observe, listen to等在主动语态中，后面跟不定式作宾补省去to，但变成被动语态时，要加上to。 1. I saw the girl cross the street. 我看到那个小女孩穿过了马路。 2. The girl was seen to cross the street. 有人看到那个小女孩穿过了马路。 Exercises 8. The waiter soon ______ (bring) him a cup of tea but the Englishman shook his head. 9. My father went to Shanghai in 1988 and he ___________________ (work) there ever since. 10. John said that the car ______________(make) long before his mother was born. Exercises 8. She was not at all surprising at the news. 9. I don’t know when the football match will be taken place . 10.