industrial symbiosis contributing to more efficient energy use.pdf

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industrial symbiosis contributing to more efficient energy use.pdf

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industrial symbiosis contributing to more efficient energy use

lable at ScienceDirect Journal of Cleaner Production 19 (2011) 285–293Contents lists avaiJournal of Cleaner Production journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/locate/ jc leproIndustrial symbiosis contributing to more sustainable energy use – an example from the forest industry in Kymenlaakso, Finland Laura Sokka*, Suvi Pakarinen, Matti Melanen Finnish Environment Institute, Finlanda r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 18 December 2008 Received in revised form 28 August 2009 Accepted 28 August 2009 Available online 9 September 2009 Keywords: Industrial symbiosis Eco-industrial Park Energy Fuels Greenhouse gas emissions* Corresponding author. Present address: VTT Te Finland, PL 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland. Tel.: t358 40 7 E-mail address: laura.sokka@vtt.fi (L. Sokka). 0959-6526/$ – see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.08.014a b s t r a c t Industrial symbiosis (IS) studies the physical flows of materials and energy in local industrial systems using a systems approach. In this study the total fuel and energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions are calculated for an ‘industrial park’ operating in the same manner as an IS. Moreover the relevance of industrial symbiosis, particularly one centred on pulp and paper manufacturing, in moving towards more sustainable fuel consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions is discussed. The system is compared to hypothetical stand-alone production. Moreover, possibilities to reduce the energy use and total greenhouse gas emissions of the park are identified. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1. Introduction 1.1. Industrial symbiosis, energy use and climate change Industrial symbiosis (IS), a key concept of industrial ecology [1,2], studies the physical flows of materials and energy in local industrial systems using a systems approach (e.g. [3,4]). A central idea of the concept is that companies and other economic actors form networks of suppliers and consumers, which bear a resem- blance to nat