High Levels of Methylmercury in Guano and Ornithogenic Coral Sand Sediments on Xisha Islands.pdfVIP

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High Levels of Methylmercury in Guano and Ornithogenic Coral Sand Sediments on Xisha Islands.pdf

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High Levels of Methylmercury in Guano and Ornithogenic Coral Sand Sediments on Xisha Islands

High Levels of Methylmercury in Guano and Ornithogenic Coral Sand Sediments on Xisha Islands, South China Sea Qianqian Chen ? Xiaodong Liu ? Liqiang Xu ? Liguang Sun ? Hong Yan ? Yi Liu ? Yuhan Luo ? Jing Huang Received: 9 November 2011 / Accepted: 16 April 2012 / Published online: 22 May 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Abstract This study determined the distribution and main source of methylmercury in ornithogenic coral sand sediments and pure guano collected from Guangjin and Jinqing islets of the South China Sea. Results showed that the levels of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg), as well as the percentage of MeHg relative to THg (%MeHg), are high in both fresh and ancient guano sam- ples. %MeHg in ancient guano exceeded 70 %, much greater than that in fresh seabird droppings (*45 %). These results suggest that excretion through feces likely plays an important role in the cycling of MeHg by seabirds. Guano has been identified as the major source of MeHg in the ornithogenic coral sand sediments in the Xisha Islands. The close relationship between MeHg and guano-derived phosphorus has weakened considerably since 1840 AD. This is probably caused by a significant increase in THg and MeHg in modern guano samples due to the recent increase of Hg pollution. %MeHg in the ornithogenic coral sand sediments is extremely high, ranging from 10 to 30 % (average 20 %). Mercury has become a pollutant of global concern due to its special physical and chemical properties. It has strong biological affinities and toxicity (Bargagli et al. 1998; Dietz et al. 2000). Methylmercury (MeHg) is much more toxic than inorganic mercury (Hg) due to its lipophilic and bioaccumulative properties, which cause it to biomagnify (Atwell et al. 1998). Human activities, such as the dis- charge of industrial and municipal wastes, have led to serious global Hg pollution problem. Currently, Hg com- pounds pose a threat to high-trophic organisms, including humans, and they have