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Genetics and histology of powdery mildew resistance in apple.pdf

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Genetics and histology of powdery mildew resistance in apple

Euphytica 48 : 261-267, 1990 . ?1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers . Printed in the Netherlands . Genetics and histology of powdery mildew resistance in apple S .S . Korban S.E . Riemer Department of Horticulture, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Received 18 August 1989 ; accepted in revised form 29 December 1989 Key words: Malus x domestica, apple, Podosphaera leucotricha, powdery mildew, inheritance, disease resistance, fruit breeding Summary Eight scab-resistant cultivars and selections along with eight commercial apple cultivars were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse and nursery tests . `Dayton, `Liberty, Delicious and Tolman Sweet were rated moderately resistant to infection in both greenhouse and nursery tests . Segregation of seedlings among 14 progenies for mildew reaction indicated that mildew resistance is polygenically con- trolled in this material with additive gene effects . Recovery of mildew resistant seedlings from crosses involving a scab-resistant parent(s) suggested that this material can be useful in developing scab- and mildew- resistant apple cultivars. Histological investigations were conducted to describe mildew symptoms of infected leaves . Introduction Apple powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell . Ev.) Salm ., is one of the four major diseases of the cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh .) including apple scab, fire blight, and cedar-apple rust. Powdery mildew may attack the fruit resulting in an unattractive apple frequent- ly used for processing rather than for fresh market- ing. Powdery mildew also attacks both leaves and stems of apple trees resulting in leaf drop, shoot stunting, and an overall devitalization of the tree . Various studies have been conducted to evaluate apple cultivars and Malus species for response to powdery mildew inoculation (Alston et al ., 1978 ; Dayton, 1977; Gallott et al ., 1985; Korban Day- ton, 1983) . Based on field observations and green- house inocula