Contrastive Phonetic and Phonological Analysis.pdfVIP

Lecture 3 Contrastive Phonetic Phonological Analysis HE Zhongqing hezhongqing@ustb.edu.cn 1. Introduction An English poem: The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. S. T. Coleridge: The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner 翻译： 好风徐徐吹，浪花不绝飞； 行舟处处流浪痕。 俺们是古来第一遭冲开， 那片沉寂的穷溟。 2. Segmental phonemes 2.1 General picture English: 45 phonemes (12 pure vowels, 9 diphthongs, 24 consonants) Vowels (21): Pure vowels (12): i:, i, e, ?, a:, ?, ?:, ?:, u:, ?, ?, u Diphthongs (9): ei, ai, ?i, ?u, au, i?, ε?, u?, ?? Consonants(24): p, t, k, f, θ, s, ?, h, t?, ts, tr, b, d, g, v, e, z, ?, r, d?, dz, dr Chinese: Vowels (36): Pure vowels (8): a, o, e, i, u, ü, ?, ? Compound vowels (复韵母13): ai, ei, ao, ou, ia, ie, ua, uo, üe, iao, iou, uai, uei Nasal vowels (鼻音韵母15)：an, en, in, ün, ian, uan, uen, üan, ang, eng, ing, ong, iang, uang, iong Consonants (22): b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s Tones (4) high and level tone（阴平）, rising tone （阳平），falling-rising tone（上声），and falling tone（去声） 2.2 Comparison of pure vowels English and Chinese pure vowels differ in the following aspects: 1. Number English (12): i:, i, e, ?, a:, ?, ?:, ?:, u:, ?, ?, u Chinese (8): a, o, e, i, u, ü, ?, ? 2. Long short vowels English has such a distinction, but not in Chinese 3. Unique vowels English pure vowels such as /i/, /e/, /? /, /?/ are absent in Chinese while Chinese pure vowel such as (ü), (?) cannot be found in English. English and Chinese pure vowels in quadrilateral (Xiong Bin 2012: 17): 5. Rounded vowels: no rounded vowels in English front vowels, while back vowels are all rounded vowels. 4. Balance in the distribution of vowels in English in terms of position and height of tongue. 2.3