Causes of Post-Fire Runoff and Erosion-- Water Repellency, Cover, or SoilSealing.pdfVIP

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Causes of Post-Fire Runoff and Erosion-- Water Repellency, Cover, or SoilSealing.pdf

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Causes of Post-Fire Runoff and Erosion-- Water Repellency, Cover, or SoilSealing

SSSAJ: Volume 73: Number 4 ? July–August 2009 1393 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 73:1393-1407 doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0432 Received 18 Dec. 2007. *Corresponding author (larseni@u.washington.edu). ? Soil Science Society of America 677 S. Segoe Rd. Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Wildfi res increase hillslope- and watershed-scale runoff and sediment yields by several orders of magnitude (e.g., Prosser and Williams, 1998; Robichaud and Brown, 1999; Moody and Martin, 2001; Benavides-Solorio and MacDonald, 2005; Malmon et al., 2007). Land use and climate change have increased, or are projected to increase, the size and frequency of fi res in many wildland environments (e.g., Mouillot et al., 2002; Hennessy et al., 2005; Westerling et al., 2006). Th e increase in fi re risk is generating considerable concern about the potential adverse eff ects on water quality, aquatic habitat, and water sup- ply systems (Rinne, 1996; Robichaud et al., 2000; Moody and Martin, 2001; Burton, 2005). Th e large increases in runoff and sediment yields aft er high- severity fi res have been attributed to several factors, including: (i) soil water repellency (DeBano, 2000; Doerr et al., 2000); (ii) loss of surface cover ( Johansen et al., 2001; Pannkuk and Robichaud, 2003); (iii) soil sealing by sediment particles (Lowdermilk, 1930; Neary et al., 1999); and (iv) soil sealing by ash particles (Mallik et al., 1984; Etiégni and Campbell, 1991). Th e problem is that the relative contribution of each factor to the observed increas- es in post-fi re runoff and sediment yields is largely unknown (Shakesby et al., 2000