A review of lecithin chemistry and glandless cottonseed as a potential commercial source.pdf

A review of lecithin chemistry and glandless cottonseed as a potential commercial source.pdf

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A review of lecithin chemistry and glandless cottonseed as a potential commercial source

LECITHIN SYMPOSIUM: SUNFLOWER LECITHIN (1973). 4. Shcherbakov, V.G., and R.B. Malkhasyen, Maslo Zhir. Prom. 35:2 (1969). 5. Litvinova, E.D., N.S. Arutyunyan and E.A. Arisheva. Maslo Zhir. Prom. 38:13 (1972). 6. Arutyunyan, N.S., Maslo Zhir. Prom. 40:11 (1974). 7. Gribble, W.P., and J.S. Rhee, U.S. Patent 3,994,943 (1976). 8. Young, H.T.U.S. Patent 3,943,155 (1976). 9. Popov, A., M. Gardev, N. Yanishlieva and L. tlristova, JAOCS 48:365 (1971). 10. Jamieson, G.S., and R.S. McKinney, Oil Soap (Chicago) 12:70 (1935). [Received November 17, 1980] A Review of Lecithin Chemistry and Glandless Cottonseed as a Potential Commercial Source J.P. CHERRY and M.S. GRAY, Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70179, and L.A. JONES, National Cottonseed Products Association, Inc., Memphis, TN 38112 ABSTRACT Industrial lecithin can be fractionated as phospholipids and glyco- lipids after neutral lipids and protein-containing contaminants are removed. The polar lipids are very reactive and are difficult to extract and purify from oilseeds. Their purity and special properties can be improved by a number of methods including solvent frac- tionation, hydrogenation, sulfonation, and ethoxylation. Studies are determining the role of the polal lipids of lecithin in (a) the syn- thesis of triglycerides in maturing seeds, (b) the structure of bio- logical membranes, and (c) the molecular basis of the functionality of food ingredients. Lecithin, having both polar and nonpolar groups, has high surface activity and is reactive with both oil and protein, making it an excellent emulsifying agent in food systems; lecithin also flows autoxidation and enzyme hydrolysis of fats. Cottonseed lecithin is low in linolenic acid, prevents flavor deteri- oration of soybean oil and can be used to stabilize sunflower oil against color change during high temperature use. Gossypol binds to l~cithin in oil from glanded cottonseed economical

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