AssessmentofIntelligenceinthePreschoolPeriod.pdfVIP

Neuropsychol Rev (2012) 22:334–344 DOI 10.1007/s11065-012-9215-0 REVIEW Assessment of Intelligence in the Preschool Period Ida Sue Baron Katherine Ann Leonberger Received: 19 June 2012 /Accepted: 24 September 2012 /Published online: 11 October 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 Abstract Intelligence testing has a long and revered history Keywords Cognition . Brain development . Fluid and in psychological measurement in childhood. Yet, the years crystallized intelligence . Socioenvironmental variables . between infancy and early childhood have been under- Genetic influences . Heritability . Gender differences studied with respect to emergent intellectual and cognitive functioning. Factor analytic models of intelligence that have demonstrated applicability when testing older children and Introduction adults often appear inadequate in the preschool period. As more is learned about brain development in typically devel- A test of general intelligence is established protocol when a oping children during these crucial years the distinctive preschool-aged child is referred for a clinical psychological relationships between neural system development and intel- evaluation. Historically, an intelligence test was often the lectual functioning are being revealed more completely. The sole measure administered since the derived intelligence aim of this paper was to provide a brief historical back- quotient (IQ) was considered a sufficiently reliable predictor ground as a foundation for discussion of intelligence testing, of later academic and vocational outcomes. For many years, review