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Eclipsing Binaries Tools for Calibrating the Extragalactic Distance Scale.pdf

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Eclipsing Binaries Tools for Calibrating the Extragalactic Distance Scale

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 6 1 0 9 2 3 v 1 3 1 O c t 2 0 0 6 Binary Stars As Critical Tools Tests Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 240, 2006 W. Hartkopf, E. Guinan P. Harmanec, eds. c? 2006 International Astronomical Union DOI: 00.0000/X000000000000000X Eclipsing Binaries: Tools for Calibrating the Extragalactic Distance Scale Alceste Z. Bonanos Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, Washington, DC 20015, USA email: bonanos@dtm.ciw.edu Abstract. In the last decade, over 7000 eclipsing binaries have been discovered in the Local Group through various variability surveys. Measuring fundamental parameters of these eclipsing binaries has become feasible with 8 meter class telescopes, making it possible to use eclipsing binaries as distance indicators. Distances with eclipsing binaries provide an independent method for calibrating the extragalactic distance scale and thus determining the Hubble constant. This method has been used for determining distances to eclipsing binaries in the Magellanic Clouds and the Andromeda Galaxy and most recently to a detached eclipsing binary in the Triangulum Galaxy by the DIRECT Project. The increasing number of eclipsing binaries found by microlens- ing and variability surveys also provide a rich database for advancing our understanding of star formation and evolution. 1. Introduction The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the number of extragalactic eclipsing binaries discovered. Most of these have been found as a side product of the microlensing surveys towards the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC). Starting in the early 1990s the EROS Experiment, the MACHO Project, the Microlensing Obser- vations in Astrophysics (MOA) and the OGLE Project began monitoring the Magel- lanic Clouds with 1 meter telescopes in a search for dark matter in the form of massive compact halo objects. As a side product they have discovered thousands of variable stars, including many eclipsing binaries. The 75