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Early determination of genotypes for apple scab resistance by forced flowering of test progenies.pdf

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Early determination of genotypes for apple scab resistance by forced flowering of test progenies

Euphytica 25 (1976) 185-191 E A R L Y D E T E R M I N A T I O N OF G E N O T Y P E S F O R A P P L E SCAB R E S I S T A N C E BY F O R C E D F L O W E R I N G OF T E S T C ROSS P R O G E N I E S H E R B S. A L D W I N C K L E , H. L. G U S T A F S O N and R. C. L A M B Depar tments of Plant Pathology, and Pomology and Viticulture, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, USA Received 30 June 1975 INDEX W O R D S Malusfloribunda, Maluspumila, apple, apple scab, Venturia inaequalis, disease resistance, juvenile period, forced flowering. SUMMARY Apple selections with different major genes for resistance to apple scab ( Venturia inaequalis) derived from Malus floribunda and M. pumila were crossed with each other. The progenies were screened as young seedlings for their reaction to V. inaequalis race 1. A gene for resistance from M. pumila, causing stellate necrotic (SN) lesions, was epistatic to a second gene for resistance from M. floribunda, causing irregular chlorotic (Chl) lesions. Al though in most cases SN, Chl and susceptible phenotypes were clearly distinct, occasionally reactions were difficult to characterize or varied from one inoculation to another. Selected seedlings showing resistant or susceptible reactions were forced to flower in 16 20 months in the green- house and test crossed with susceptible cultivars. Test cross seedlings were screened for scab reaction. The presence of both genes for resistance in a resistant plant was indicated by presence of both Chl and SN resistant phenotypes in the test cross progeny. Chi-square analysis of four large progenies produced a good fit to the expected ratio. The use of the forced flowering technique to determine scab resistance genotypes in 28 months demonstra ted its value in breeding apples with multiple disease resistance. INTRODUCTION Apple breeding has traditionally been slow and expensive because of the long gen- eration time and l