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Balakatounis-Angoules-Low-intensity Electrical Stimulation in WoundHealing-2008.pdf

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Balakatounis-Angoules-Low-intensity Electrical Stimulation in WoundHealing-2008

Low-intensity Electrical Stimulation in Wound Healing: Review of the Efficacy of Externally Applied Currents Resembling the Current of Injury Konstantine C. Balakatounis a,b and Antonios G. Angoulesc aSchool of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, England, United Kingdom; bFiloktitis Medical Center (Center of Excellence in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation), Athens, Greece; and cAcademic Unit of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, England, United Kingdom Correspondence: balakatounis@ Published May 16, 2008 Objective: Low-intensity currents (LIC) have gained popularity during the last years, and nowadays the majority of electrotherapy units may produce LIC. On wounding, the body produces a current, the current of injury, which promotes healing. Still, this current may gradually decrease resulting occasionally to delayed or limited wound healing. Thus, by applying the same LIC externally, healing may be accelerated by sustaining the LIC throughout the healing phases. The first review of research studies on the effect of LIC on wound healing is attempted, which can be considered useful for the practicing clinician, to provide an overview of current evidence on the effectiveness of LIC and provide protocols of treatment. Methods: Comprehensive review of randomized-controlled trials investigating the effect of LIC on wound healing. Results: The review revealed that LIC promote wound healing and appear to be effective in the range of 200–800 μA. The direct current may be continuous or pulsed and polarity may or may not be reversed. Conclusion: Research available indicates that LIC accelerate wound healing. Further research is required to clarify the healing effects of LIC on wounds. In 2002, electrical stimulation was approved in the United States, for Medicare coverage for the treatment of nonresponding to standard wound-healing strategies, pres- sure, diabetic, stasis, and arterial ulcers. The approval of electrical stimulat