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Simulation of airflow and pollution levels caused by severe traffic jam.pdf

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Simulation of airflow and pollution levels caused by severe traffic jam

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 25 (2010) 70–77Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / tustSimulation of airflow and pollution levels caused by severe traffic jam in a road tunnel S. Bari a,*, J. Naser b a Sustainable Energy Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia b School of Engineering and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia a r t i c l e i n f oArticle history: Received 11 March 2009 Received in revised form 3 August 2009 Accepted 3 September 2009 Available online 8 October 2009 Keywords: Traffic jam Tunnel Pollution Airflow Fan0886-7798/$ - see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.tust.2009.09.004 * Corresponding author. Fax: +618 8302 3380. E-mail address: saiful.bari@.au (S. Bari).a b s t r a c t Computer simulations were carried out to study airflow patterns and pollution levels due to emissions from vehicles for the westbound Melbourne City Link tunnel under severely congested traffic jam condi- tions. The time averaged equations for velocity, pressure, temperature and mass fraction of emissions were solved using CFD software FLUENT 6.0. The maximum mass fractions of O2, CO2 and CO were found to be 0.16, 0.14 and 0.002, respectively. These high levels of pollutants were detected despite the fact that roof-mounted fans pushed exhaust fumes out the exit and sucked fresh air in from the inlet of the tunnel. During another condition of power failure, when the fans were not in operation, the flow inside the tun- nel was mainly driven by buoyancy and the concentration levels of O2, CO2 and CO were then found to be 0.05, 0.18 and 0.0028, respectively. Theses emissions from the vehicles for both cases posed a threat to human health. To avoid this dangerous situation a multi-pronged approach is needed that includes hav- ing alternative source