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Plant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in a tallgrass prairie landscape.pdf

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Plant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in a tallgrass prairie landscape

Landscape Ecology vol. 10 no. 5 pp 255-266 (1995) SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam Plant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in a tallgrass prairie landscape Peter M. Groffman and Clarence L. Turner2 Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA; ,Division of Biology, Keywords: Denitrification, nitrous oxide, NDVI, remote sensing Abstract We explored relationships between plant productivity and annual fluxes of nitrogen (N.,) and nitrous oxide (N,O) in a tallgrass prairie landscape in central Kansas. Our objective was to develop predictive relationships between these variables that could be used in conjunction with remote sensing information on plant produc- tivity to produce large-area estimates of N gas fluxes. Our hypothesis was that there are inherent relationships between plant productivity and N gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie because both are controlled by water and N availability. The research was carried out as part of a multi-investigator project, the First ISLSCP Field Ex- periment (FIFE, ISLSCP = International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Program), directed toward the use of remote sensing to characterize land-atmosphere interactions. Fluxes of N, (denitrification) and N,O were measured using soil core techniques. Estimates of annual flux were produced by temporal extrapolation of measured rates. Annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was estimated from measurements of the maximum standing crop of plant biomass. There were strong relationships between ANPP and N gas fluxes, and between a satellite remote sensing-based index of plant productivity (normalized difference vege- tation index, NDVI) and gas fluxes. We used these relationships to convert images of NDVI into images of N gas fluxes for one 83 ha watershed and for the entire 15 by 15 km FIFE site. These images were used to compute mean landscape gas fluxes (0.62 g N mP2 y- for N2, 0.6