Non-thermal acceleration mechanisms in supernova remnant shells.pdf

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Non-thermal acceleration mechanisms in supernova remnant shells.pdf

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Non-thermal acceleration mechanisms in supernova remnant shells

a r X i v : 0 8 0 2 .0 3 7 2 v 1 [ a s t r o - p h ] 4 F e b 2 0 0 8 Mem. S.A.It. Vol. 75, 282 c? SAIt 2004 Memorie della Non-thermal a eleration me hanisms insupernova remnant shells A. Decourchelle 1 Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM - CNRS - Universite? Paris Diderot, DAPNIA/Service d’Astrophysique, Ba?t. 709, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur- Yvette Ce?dex, France e-mail: anne.decourchelle@cea.fr Abstract. A review of the main issues in the field of particle acceleration in Supernova Remnants is provided in the context of future X-ray observations with Simbol-X. After a summary of the nonthermal acceleration mechanisms at work, I briefly review the observa- tions of supernova remnants in hard X-rays and in gamma rays. Open issues are discussed in this framework. Key words. ISM: supernova remnants – X-rays: ISM – Gamma rays: observations – Acceleration of particles – Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal – Shock waves – 1. Introduction Supernova remnants (SNRs) are expected to be the main source of cosmic rays with ener- gies up to the knee at ? 3 1015 eV (see for a discussion Drury et al. 2001). The ejection of high velocity material during the explosion gives rise to a shock that both heats the ambi- ent medium to millions degrees and accelerates particles. While the millions degrees gas emits ther- mal X-rays below 10 keV, the accelerated charged particles produce non-thermal emis- sion over the entire electromagnetic spectrum through four main emission mechanisms. First, the accelerated electrons produce synchrotron emission when spiraling in a magnetic field. This emission, extending from the radio to X- ray domains, corresponds to a population of GeV and TeV accelerated electrons, respec- tively. The population of TeV electrons, ob- Send offprint requests to: A. Decourchelle served in X-ray synchrotron, gives also rise to Inverse Compton emission: they communicate a large part of their energy to low energy pho- tons (from the Cosmic Microwave Background or from the l