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Thomas Hardy as a Proto-Existentialist: A Study of His Novels of Character and Environment （Times New Roman, 小二，黑体）by 郝文章 May 18, 2014 Class: 2010-01 Student No.: 汉 语 标 题（宋体, 4号, 黑体, 居中） （请不要理会这个点。因为我去不掉它）空一行 摘要：（小四号；黑体） （论文摘要的内容不多于200字；小四号；宋体；不黑体；缩进两个汉字字符； 1.5倍行距）。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 关键词：（小四号；黑体） （另起一行；缩进两个汉字字符；3-5个；小四号；宋体; 不大写（专用名词除外）；不黑体；词与词之间用分号隔开；最后一个词后无标点符号） Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………….……… 1 Current Critical Views on Hardy………………………………………….……… 2 Naturalism Versus Existentialism………………………………………….……... 4 Hardy as a Proto-Existentialist……………………………………….…………. 10 Conclusion……………………………………………………….……….……... 18 Works Cited………………………………………….……………………….……... 19 注：如果页码无法右对齐，可使用格式菜单中的“制表位”功能。 1. Introduction （一级标题为四号字，字体为Times New Roman，黑体并居中；空一行） In this thesis, I intend to prove that Thomas Hardy is a proto-existentialist. If I can show that basic existentialist tenets are consistently demonstrated in Hardy’s novels of character and environment, his main contribution to literature as a novelist, that will reveal how far Hardy moves towards modernism and open up a new channel to interpret his novel. Hardy is found with a different perspective of interpreting the tragic fate of Tess (Zhang and Wang 89). (各章须另起一页，章内各部分之间空一行) 4. Hardy as a Proto-Existentialist （空一行） Thomas Hardy is much influenced by The Origin of Species, though he never shares Darwin’s sense of grandeur in a view of evolution which signifies the survival of the fittest at the expense of the weak. Compassionate by temperament, Hardy finds justification in evolutionary theory for extending (Gilbert 22). Hardy’s thoughts of the human situation in the world shared many similarities with existentialism whose basic tenets and themes are constantly demonstrated in Hardy’s novels of character and environment. (各部分之间空一行，即小标题上面空一行，小标题下面不空) Absurdity and Futility （二级标题及