水稻产量、抗逆性状代谢组研究.docVIP

水稻产量、抗逆性状代谢组研究 　　摘 要：水稻是世界超过半数人口的主要粮食作物，占世界人口60%的亚洲，其水稻种植面积超过世界的90%。性状受到众多因素的控制，通过对单个基因或单个合成/信号转导途径的研究往往无法阐明控制这些性状的生理学/生物化学机理，因此，以系统生物学手段从整体上对上述性状的形成及其调控进行研究就显得尤为必要。代谢组学利用高通量、高灵敏度与高精确度的现代分析手段，对细胞及组织器官的代谢物的整体组成成分进行动态分析，在此基础上借助多变量统计分析方法，解析生物体在各种环境因子的作用下产生的生理、病理及发育变化的物质基础。该研究利用代谢组学手段全面、系统研究正常和逆境条件下水稻产量及抗性形成过程各关键阶段（如水稻种子萌发、剑叶形成、灌浆过程等）代谢产物及代谢途径的动态变化，将能揭示水稻产量和抗逆的代谢生物学基础，为作物遗传改良提供新思路。通过研究，建立了在单次分析中定量水稻中600种（包括类黄酮、生物碱、萜类等）代谢物的高通量代谢组学分析方法；建立1000种代谢物的水稻代谢组学数据库；定位超过2000个水稻代谢QTL（mQTL），鉴定其中部分mQTL基因；构建了水稻发芽种子和剑叶的代谢调控网络。 　　关键词：水稻 代谢组 QTL 　　Abstract：Rice （Oryza sativa） is one of the most important crops that feed more than half of the world’s population. Asia that has 60% of the people in the world has 90% of the land of cultivate rice across the world. Agro-traits are controlled by multiple factors and these factors are difficult to identified by examining single gene or pathway. It is therefore crucial to investigate them by a systematic approach. Metabolomics is a modern omics technology of high-throughput and resolution that measure the dynamic levels of small molecular in cells and tissues of an organism. It can be applied to the investigation of metabolic mechanism of physiological and developmental processes. In this study， metabolic profiling of tissues （germinating seedling， flag leaf， and spikelet） in normal and stressed conditions was used in combination with genomic strategy to elucidate the mechanism of yield and stress resistance， which would benefit the genetic improvement of crops such as rice. A novel LC-MS based metabolomics strategy was established to measure the levels of over 600 metabolites including flavonoids， alkaloids， terpenoids etc. A metabolic database was built containing more than 1000 different metabolites in rice. Over 2000 metabolic QTL （mQTL） was mapped using a recombinant inbred line population. The candidate genes underlying some of the mQTL were identified and the corresponding metabolic pathways were reconstructed in rice seedling and f