Chapter 3 Objective and Subjective Factors Shaping Touri.pptVIP

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Chapter 3 Objective and Subjective Factors Shaping Touri.ppt

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Chapter 3 Objective and Subjective Factors Shaping Touri

Chapter 3 Objective and Subjective Factors Shaping Tourism Learning Objectives: Explain the objective factors Explain the effects of cultural background on travel decisions. Explain the effects of time income on travel decisions. Explain the effects of socio-economic background on travel decisions. Explain the effects of psychographic background on travel decisions. Explain the subjective factors—Motivations Overview The objective factors The effects of TIME on travel The effects of INCOME on travel Other SOCIOECONOMIC variables effects on travel The effects of CULTURE on travel The effect of PERSONALITY on travel Other forces Why people travel? (reasons) Motivation Pull motivation Push motivation Motivation theories and implications Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs; The travel career ladder (TCL; Pearce 1988, 1991, 1993); Iso-Ahola’s (1982) optimal arousal theory; Plog’s (1974) allocentric-psychocentric theory. The effects of TIME on travel Time can be spent in one of three ways: Work: Maintenance: activities that are necessary to sustain and maintain life, such as eating, sleeping, maintaining the house. Leisure: the time remaining after work and maintenance activities have been completed. Vacation time as of July 2003 The effects of TIME on travel China’s situation? To meet the growing demand for leisure travel among China’s own citizens and to encourage personal consumption for economic growth, the central government has issued a number of policies to promote tourism. In 1992, weeklong holidays were first introduced; In 1995, a five-day work week was introduced; Starting in 1999, three weeklong holidays were established around May 1(May Day/Labor Day), October 1 (National Day), and the lunar Spring Festival of Chinese New Year. Starting in 2008, only two weeklong holidays were remained around October 1 (National Day), and the lunar Spring Festival of Chinese New Year. The effects of INCOME on travel Personal Income An individuals total annual gross earnings