合同翻译(课件)W10精要.ppt

Session Ten Invitation to Tenders Inviting Submitting Tenders 招投标 Introduction This unit mainly deals with tendering or bidding documents. In international trade, inviting and submitting tenders are one of the traditional methods of procurement for goods, services and works (including related services such as construction, transportation, insurance, installation, training, maintenance). Under this method of trade, tenders are usually invited from business organizations by the purchaser to construct the works or supply the goods or services, and contracts are often concluded on the basis of the tender selected by the purchaser through official tender procedures. Tenders are of two basic forms, the open tender form and the closed tender form. Under the open tender form, the purchaser invites, by means of a notice advertised in public media, such as newspapers, journals, TV programs and the internet, all interested business firms to submit tenders for the construction of works or for the supply of goods or services. In normal cases, potential tenderers need to be qualified by the purchaser in accordance with pre-qualification procedures in order to limit the number of tenders to be considered. The major advantage in adopting the open tender form is that it allows a wider range of business firms to compete in tendering or bidding for the construction of works or for the supply of goods or services. And, therefore, the purchaser may benefit from the competition by obtaining more favorable terms and conditions, such as lower prices, shorter time of completion or delivery. But on the other hand, the open tender form may be the most formal and costly of the procedures for conclusion of business contracts, because it usually involves the preparation of a number of tender documents, expensive advertising of the invitation to tender, public opening of tenders and evaluation of numerous tenders received. Under the closed tender form, the invitation to tender is sent to selec