位置跟随系统精要.docx

中文摘要 本文设计的是超声波测距模块和随动系统模块。本系统设计可分为超声波收发模块、电机驱动模块和LCD1602显示模块。系统运行时，先由ATmega16单片机控制超声波模块发射超声波信号，同时通过单片机内部定时器定时，测量超声波信号从发送到遇到障碍物然后返回所需要的时间，从而算出超声波系统与障碍物之间的距离。所得数据由LCD1602显示器显示，最后由电机驱动电路驱动电机，保持本系统与障碍物的距离为一定值，从而实现随动功能。经过试验电路和程序的调试和运转,证明出超声波测距模块和随动系统模块都具有硬件布局简易,操纵便捷,有很好的抗干扰性的优点。超声波测距模块能够准确衡量和障碍物之间的距离。主要由ULN2003步进电机，28BYJ—48构成的随动系统，也能够实现当步进电机运行时，被控制量能够准确进行跟踪并且能够无误地跟随来复现给定量。 关键字：超声波测距；ATmega16单片机；LCD1602显示器；ULN2003步进电机；28BYJ—48 Abstract This design includes ultrasonic ranging module and servo module. This system can be divided into ultrasonic transceiver module, motor driver module and LCD1602 display module. The system is running like this: ATmega16 single chip microcomputer control ultrasonic module, and make the ultrasonic module launch ultrasonic signal, at the same time ,the Timer calculate the time of ultrasonic signals, which is from out to come back , finally the system calculate the distance which is between ultrasonic system and obstacles. The data would be displayed by the LCD1602 display, and then the circuit drive motor, besides keeping the distance between this system and the obstacle fixed, so as to realize the function of servo. After debugging and running, the program can prove that the ultrasonic ranging module and servo module is simple, convenient and anti—interference strong. Ultrasonic ranging module can accurately measure the distance between ultrasonic system and obstacles. The servo system made up of ULN2003 stepper motor, and 28 BYJ — 48 can achieve the function that the variable can accurately track and follow known quantity when the step motor is running. Key words: ultrasonic ranging；ATmega16 Microcontroller；LCD1602 display； ULN2003 stepper motor ；28 BYJ — 48 目 录 第1章 前言 1 1.1 设计的背景及意义 1 1.2 本设计所做的工作 2 第2章 超声波测距模块和随动系统模块的系统设计 3 2.1 超声波测距系统测距方案的比较与选择 3 2.2 超声波测距的原理 3 2.3 步进电机的工作原理 5 2.3.1 结构及基本原理 5 2.3.2 两相电机的步进顺序 5 2.4 常见的步进电机控制方案 8 2.4.1 基于电子电路的控制 8 2.4.2 基于PLC的控制 9 2.4.3 基于单片机的控制 9 2.5 步进电机驱动技术 9 2.6 液晶显示简要介绍 10 2.6.