20种修辞.docVIP

1. simile明喻 A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. Simile is almost always introduced by the following words: like, as, as…as, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, etc. direct comparison My mind goes round and round like the earth. 我的大脑像地球一样不停地转动。 He was like a cat on hot bricks before his driving test. 在驾驶考试之前，他紧张得像热锅上的蚂蚁。 Men fear death, as children fear to go in the dark. (Francis Bacon) 人恐惧死亡犹如儿童恐惧黑暗。 Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books. (William Shakespeare) 赴情人的约会，就像学童抛开书一样。 2. metaphor暗喻 A metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied. It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality. But unlike a simile, this comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like. Simile only indicates that the two things are comparable, but metaphor also indicates that the two things are ONE. My desk is flooded with paper. 我的桌子上堆满了纸，就像洪水泛滥一样。 The years have silvered her hair. 岁月已使她的鬓发如霜。 The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is natural manure. 自由之树常以志士和暴君的血来浇灌，这些鲜血是自由之树的天然肥料。 此例以肥料喻革命志士与暴君之血。 It’s the same with Negro in America. That shoe…the white man’s system…has pinched and rubbed squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. 美国黑人的情况也是这样，白人制度这只鞋夹紧了他的灵魂，使之受磨难，几乎要把他毁掉了。 用夹紧黑人的灵魂的一只鞋子来比喻美国的白人制度，这是典型的以具体事物比喻抽象事物。 3. analogy类比 Analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance. Appropriate praise to a child is what the sun is to a flower.  恰当的赞扬对孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样  （这里把“赞扬的作用”和“阳光的作用”进行类比） 4. metonymy Metonymy is a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated He chose a gun instead of a cap and gown 他选择了当兵，而没有继续求学深造。 The Japanese soldiers put all to fire and sword 日本人穷凶极恶，到处杀人放火。 5. personific