英语句子成分分析及试题.doc

英语句子成分分析 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 1. 主语（subject） 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。 ■名词作主语 English is very important. 英语是很重要的。 The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 ■代词作主语 They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。 ■动名词作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 His being late for school made the teacher angry. 他上课迟到令老师很生气。 It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。 ■动词不定式(短语)作主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。 句型：It is \ was + adj. (+ for sb \ of sb ) to do sth. (hard, difficult, easy, necessary, important, possible, impossible etc.) ■句子作主语 What he said is true. That he was late for school made the teacher angry. It is strange that he should have passed the exam. 2. 谓语（predicate） 谓语必须由动词充当 ■及物动词作谓语 We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。 They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■不及物动词作谓语 He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。 ■系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如： I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。 I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。 I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。 Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗? He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。 They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。 We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。 We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。 it 做形式宾语 sb. find \ think \ consider \ make + it +adj. \ n + to do