三：词义关系(完整版).pptVIP

English lexicology (III) Lecture 3Semantics: Sense Relations Polysemy Homonymy Synonymy Antonymy Hyponymy Semantic Field Polysemy P135 Polesemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time. The bulk of English words are polysemantic; The entry with the largest number of meanings in the OED is verb “get”, with more than 150 meanings. one-meaning words are rare, like proper names, scientific terms. Radiation 辅射型 the process in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while derivative /secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like rays. Concatenation 连锁型 the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its original sense as a result of successive semantic changes till, in many cases, there is not a trace of connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary sense. treacle A: concerning wild beasts A + B: remedy for a wild beast’s bite B + C: antidote or remedy for poison C + D: remedy in the form of syrup D + E: syrup Homonymy: Brainstorm What month do soldiers hate? Why is an empty purse always the same? How do we know the ocean is friendly? Homonymy P 138 Words are called homonyms because they are different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. Most of the homonyms are monosyllabic. Types of Homonyms Perfect Homonyms(同音同形异义词) Bank: n. the edge of the river, lake, etc. Bank: n. an establishment for money business Bear: n. a large heavy animal Bear: v. to put up with Date: n. a kind of fruit Date: n. a boy or girl friend Sound SOUND: healthy, in good condition SOUND: that which is or can be heard SOUND: make sth. produce sound SOUND: test the depth of (the sea, etc) by letting down a weighted line SOUND: narrow passage of water joining two larger areas of water, strait Types of Homonyms homophone（同音异形异义词） Homograph（同形异音异义词） Stylistic Features of Homonyms As homomyms are consi