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Mitochondrial contact sites as platforms for phospholipid exchange.pdf

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Mitochondrial contact sites as platforms for phospholipid exchange.pdf

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1862 (2017) 69–80 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biochimica et Biophysica Acta journal homepage: /locate/bbalip Review Mitochondrial contact sites as platforms for phospholipid exchange☆ Kai Stefan Dimmer ?, Doron Rapaport Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany article info Article history: Received 13 May 2016 Received in revised form 21 July 2016 Accepted 22 July 2016 Available online 29 July 2016 Keywords: ERMES complex vCLAMP Mitochondria Phospholipids Contact sites abstract Mitochondria are unique organelles that contain their own – although strongly reduced – genome, and are surrounded by two membranes. While most cellular phospholipid biosynthesis takes place in the ER, mitochondria harbor the whole spectrum of glycerophospholipids common to biological membranes. Mitochondria also contribute to overall phospholipid biosynthesis in cells by producing phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. Considering these features, it is not surprising that mitochondria maintain highly active exchange of phospholipids with other cellular compartments. In this contribution we describe the transport of phospholipids between mitochondria and other organelles, and discuss recent developments in our understanding of the molecular functions of the protein complexes that mediate these processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum. ? 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction All eukaryotic organelles are surrounded by biological membranes. These barriers are approximately 50–60 ? thick and are composed of lipid components and membrane proteins. Sophisticated signal transduction pathways, compartmentalization of metabolic processes, storage compartments for metabolic intermediates, and chemiosmotic energy conservation are only a few examples of cell biological processes that