Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership.pdfVIP

INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERATION VIEWED AT MULTIPLE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS: A MULTI-LEVEL FRAMEWORK FOR EXAMINING THE DIFFUSION OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP Bruce J. Avolio* Bernard M. Bass Binghamton University This article integrates a levels-of-analysis framework into the development and extension of transformational leadership theory. The primary focus of the article is on examining individualized consideration, a key component of transformational leadership, at three different levels of analysis including the individual, team, and organization culture. Extensions to Bass’ 1985 theory of transformational leadership are offered. INTRODUCTION In this article, we set out to expand the concept of individualized consideration, a component of transformational leadership, by viewing it at multiple levels of analysis. We focus on explaining how individualized consideration emerges from representing individual leadership behaviors to represent group behavior and, ultimately, characteristics of the organization’s culture. Our position is that constructs such as individualized consideration can be operationalized at multiple levels of analysis, as well as measured