第9单元-主谓一致.pptVIP

第九章 主谓一致 句子的主语和谓语之间保持着某种语法关系，这种关系叫做主谓一致关系。 主语的形式变了，谓语的某些部分页随之发生相应的改变。 主谓一致常常遵守三个原则： 1。语法一致 2。概念一致 3。毗邻一致 1、语法一致原则 语法一致指主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语用复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式（不包括复数形式的单数名词）。 例如： Jullia is a pretty girl. She does not look like her sister. She cycles to school everyday. Dave and Sam are friends. They go to school together. They study very hard. 2、概念一致原则 概念一致指 谓语动词的单数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不是取决于表面的语法标志。即尽管主语形式是单数，但却是复数概念，则谓语动词用复数；反之亦然。 例如： Ten miles is not a long distance. The public are interested in how to improve the living conditions. 3、毗邻一致原则（就近原则） 毗邻一致指： 谓语动词的单复数由最靠近谓语动词的主语决定。 例如： There is a tape recorder and some books on the table. Only one out of five students were present.（只有五分之一的学生到场。） One in ten are expected to take part in the contest. （希望十分之一的人参加比赛。） 按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况 1、由with, along with, like, together with, accompanied by, besides, as well as, in addition to, as much as, rather than, more than, except, but等引起的结构联合做主语时，位于在联合就够前的主语决定谓语的单复数形式，不受联合结构部分的影响。 如果主语为单数，谓语动词仍用单数 例如： The boss, rather than the workers, is responsible for the accident. He as well as I agrees with you. 按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况 2、由and连接的两个或两个以上的表示不同概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数； 由both…and连接的两个单数形式名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 例如： Cathy and her sister Lucy want to join us for the picnic tonight. Both steel and plastics are used in manufacturing. 按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况 3、由and连接的单数名词联合作主语时，如果并列主语在概念上指同一个人或同一事物，且and后的名词没有冠词，则谓语动词用单数： 如果and后的名词前有冠词，即指不同的概念，主语变为复数，谓语动词应用复数 如果and后的名词前加上否定词not，谓语动词仍用单数： 例如： My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again. My best friend and the adviser have changed their mind again. The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall. 按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况 4、由”a portion of, a series of, a kind of等词组＋名词结构“组成的主语，谓语动词用单数。 如： A large portion of the reports is missing. A series of meetings has been held to discuss the feasibility of the plan. 按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况 5、由”form of , type of , kind of + 名词结构”组成的主语，谓语的单复数由kind, form, type的形式决定。 如： The kind of books an author writes depends on the kind of experie