新概念英语语法汇总四.docVIP

新概念英语语法大全（四） 新概念英语第一册学习资料免费下载：vickey新概念英语 新概念英语第一册视频免费下载：vickey新概念英语视频 一．时态： 一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时， 一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 4. 现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词 用法： 1)?表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了) He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝） They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了） The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了） 2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时： Have you finished your homework? Have you been to Beijing? Have he seen the film? 3)?表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year. 4)?表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情 I have never had a bath. I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris. Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London.(人已经回来) He has gone to London.（人还在那里） 5)?表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher. She has broken my heart. 句型变化： ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not. e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I have. No, I have not. ★特殊疑问句： What have you done? What has he done? 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days. 对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days. 第四部分：句法规则（从句）一、宾语从句：宾语从句是由一个完整的句子构成，充当宾语修饰谓语动词、介词和、限定动词和某些形容词的宾语。如果从句部份是一个陈述句或是一个一般疑句（一般疑问句如果做为从句则需变为陈述句）则通常使用引导词“that”、“whether”、“if”加上从句部份来构成宾语从句。如果从句部份是一个特殊疑问句，而把特殊疑问词做引导词在加上由一般疑问句变来的陈述句来构成宾语从句。例１：由that、whether或if引导的宾语从句。１、She saw that her was sleeping.　她看见他在睡觉（修饰谓语动词“saw”）。２、She was intersted in whatever she saw there.　他对在那无论所看到的都感兴趣（修饰介词“in”）。３、She didn’t say if her was still alive.　他没有说他是否还活着（修饰谓语动词“say”）。例２：由特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。　　１、She asked me where I was going.　他问我到那儿去（注意“where”后面的语序）。二、定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词称为“先行词”。定语从句常跟先行词后，并由“关系词”（引导词）所引导。对先行词，无论是人或物起到了加以限制的作用。１、修饰人称一般由关系词“who”、“whom”、“whose”引导。用“who”引导其条件为定语从句所修饰的先行词在整个定语从句中做主语，而且who不能省略。用“