面阵CCD导行和嵌入式系统在高时空分辨率太阳磁场观测中的应用研究.doc

本论文以获取高时间、高空间分辨率太阳磁场观测资料为目的，系统探讨了太阳望远镜最先进的导行方案――面阵CCD导行方案的原理、算法，并分析了这一方案的各种关键技术。本文分析讨论了两种互补的方案。在基于相关算法的局部像方案中，我们获得的主要结果如下：(1)导行精度1/6像元；(2) 探测器A/D变换精度对最终的定位精度的影响不大；(3) 填充因子对定位精度的影响不大；（4）采用本原理的试观测取得了预期的结果。在基于质心算法的全日面方案中：（1）提高A/D变换的精度能提高定位的精度；(2) 填充因子越大，定位精度越高；(3) 定位精度优于1/70像元分辨率。两种方案各有优劣，可视不同的天文目标而采用。 面阵CCD导行方案带来的最大要求是大数据量的计算机实时处理能力，这一点是目前通用的天文终端设备所无法解决的，通过分析研究天文终端设备的发展历史，我们创新性地提出了将现代化的网络技术应用于天文终端设备中的一个解决方案――基于嵌入式系统的终端系统方案。本论文系统研究了基于嵌入式系统的终端设备的优势、天文应用的可行性，并开展了关键技术的攻关，建立了一套用于怀柔基地全日面磁场望远镜的实验系统，并获得了成功的试观测。由于嵌入式系统所特有的诸多优势，使得该系统在类似天文终端设备要求的领域都具有潜在的应用价值。 关键词：太阳磁场、高时空分辨率、面阵CCD导行、实时处理、嵌入式系统 The Guiding System is key equipment for high temporal and spatial resolution observation of solar magnetic field. This PhD thesis discusses the method, algorithm, and key techniques of the most advanced guiding system of solar telescope---guiding system based on area CCD camera. For different astronomical goal, there are two designs: One is by local image, and the other by full-disk image. In the first design, we use cross-correlation algorithm, and conclude that: (1) the guiding accuracy can reach 1/6 pixel size of CCD camera; (2) the A/D convert accuracy of camera does not affect the pointing accuracy too much; (3) filling factor of camera does not largely affect the pointing accuracy too; (4) we set up an experiment system and get the expected test observation. For the second design, we calculate the center of mass as guider. The results are as follows: (1) guiding accuracy can be increased by the increase of A/D convert accuracy; (2) the larger the filling factor, the higher the guiding accuracy; (3) the guiding accuracy is better than the 1/70 pixel resolution of CCD camera. Each of these two designs requires high speed and large amount ability of data process, which cannot be afforded by current-used data acquirement and process system of solar telescope. For this purpose, we innovative set up a new data acquirement and process system by use of the concept of Embedded System. We r