工程实验设计与实践技巧.ppt

4.试验实施 主要包括： 按照计划进行试验 正确进行试验操作，保证试验的一致性 观察试验结果，收集数据。 检查核对试验数据 进行统计分析 解释试验结果，作出科学结论。 实验方案实例 题目：Enhancement of Jack Pine TMP Long Fibres 实验过程设计方案： Part 1: Preparation of a TMP at about 200-300 mL freeness Screening of wood chips Wood chip washing Atmospheric presteaming in hopper for 10 min Wood chip steam pre-treatment [time:5min; temp.:126℃] Two-stage Refining [ 1st stage: 126℃,refining pulp consistency about 25%; plate gap; pressure; energy; approx. 400mL freeness; 2nd stage: atmospheric refining, refining consistency about 20%, freeness 200-300 mL] . Part 2: Separation of long fibres Fiber length of pulp classification [T233cm-95; Bauer-McNett type classifier], Calculate each fraction percentage. FQA analysis of the whole pulp. Retained on 28+48-mesh-screen - R48-0 from short fibres using a Bauer McNett classifier. Retained the short fibres for making the handsheet Part 3: Characterization of baseline properties of LF a. Chemical Analyses Lignin content: Klason lignin [T222om-98]; Extractives (DCM-Dichloromethane) content: [T204] … b. Physical Tests Pulp: Freeness: T227om-94（Canadian standard method）; Carboxyl Content of pulp: (T237) … Paper: Density: T411om-97 Brightness: T452 … c. Beating response by PFI mill – repeat tests “b” above. Part 4 … 实验准备：仪器药品计划 仪器apparatus: 索式抽提器Soxhlet extraction apparatus, 250mL 烧瓶flask: (6 set) 回流冷凝器Reflux condenser: (6 set) 坩埚Crucibles: (10 set) √ 玻璃滤器Filtering glass crucible: about 30mL 铝制称重盘Weighing dish, aluminum: 100(small) 大号镊子Forceps or tongs: 2(large) 玻璃棒Glass stirring rods: 棕色瓶Dark bottle with stopper: (﹥1000mL) 比重计Specific gravity 酸度计PH-meter 恒温水浴锅Constant temperature water Bath：(2 set) 电加热炉Hot plate, electric 实验准备：仪器药品计划 仪器apparatus: 量筒Graduated cylinder: 50 mL；100 mL；250mL 滴定管Buret: 50mL (2 set) 烧杯Beaker: 600 mL(6 set); 50 mL(6 set); 烧杯配表面皿Beaker:150 mL, 250 mL (6 set) 移液管Pipets: 10ml, 25ml, 50ml 容量瓶Measuring flask：100 mL(6 set)；250mL(6 set)；1000 mL(3 set) 带玻璃塞磨口锥形瓶Erle