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WHAT IS COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ? QUOTES OF THE DAY “ Without theory, good planning is simply a random occurrence” R. Beauregard “Without practice theory is irrelevant, but practice without theory is chaos” W. Grant TOPICS Relevant questions History of comparative PA What is CPA? Paradigms and CPA CPA as a professional practice CPA as a scientific endeavor The future of comparative PA Relevant Questions Why is comparisons important to the practice of PA? What is the ultimate goal of CPA? What is relevant to PA to compare? What is the current state of knowledge of CPA? What is the future of CPA? History of CPA Jreisat, using Ryan’s (1994) ideas, identifies three stage of CPA Imperialist Missionary (Post WW II-1960s) Anti-parochial, Anti-ethnocentric (1970-1980) Interdependence (1980s-Present) Heady argues that CPA started as a field focusing of development administration The 1970s was a decade of retrenchment. Financial support dried out. Scholars begin reappraising the field. Shift from technical assistance to action-goal oriented practice History of CPA The emergence of CPA as a field is linked to the process of decolonization and the expansion of nation-states. CPA in its origins attempt to help develop the administrative practice of developing nations. CPA was a “cold war” strategy to contain communism. CPA as a field became almost irrelevant after financial support dried out because it could not established itself. CPA shifted from the development practice into academic debate Changes around the world (foreign debt, neoliberalism, etc.) offer a great opportunity for the revival of the field. WHAT IS CPA? “CPA is the comparative study of institutions, process, and behaviors in many context. Context (or environment in comparative analysis generally refers to all external influences that affect management, such as societal values, norms, religion, political culture, and economy.” Jreisat (2002: 1) “[Public