国际贸易实务帅建林主编名词解释.docxVIP

1油轮Oil tanker An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker是油船的俗称，是指载运散装石油或成品油的液货运输船舶。从广义上讲是指散装运输各种油类的船，除了运输石油外，装运石油的成品油，各种动植物油，液态的天然气和石油气等。但是，通常所称的油船，多数是指运输原油的船。而装运成品油的船，称为成品油船。装运液态的天然气和石油气的船，称为液化气体船。2定程租船Voyage Charter Transport vessel or vehicle charter for one or a specified number of trips (voyages). Time charter generally includes loading and unloading costs in the charter rate. Also called spot charter. See also time charter.以航程为基础的租船方式。在这种租船方式下，船方需按合同规定的航程完成货物运输任务，并负责船舶的经营管理及船舶在航行中的一切开支费用。3滚装船Ro ／Ro vessel畅Ro ／Ro vessel： 滚装船（roll-on ／roll-off ship） Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers or railroad cars that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels. This is in contrast to lo-lo (lift on-lift off) vessels which use a crane to load and unload cargo.用牵引车牵引载有箱货或其他件货的半挂车或轮式托盘直接进出货舱装卸的运输船舶。又称开上开下船。滚装船的特点是装卸效率高，船舶周转快和水陆直达联运方便。但其缺点是重心高，稳性较差；横格舱壁少而影响抗沉性，甲板的强度也受到影响等。滚装船有多层甲板便于货运单元放置，上甲板为平整板面4定期租船Time Charter Transport vessel or vehicle charter for a fixed perod instead of for a certain num of voyages or trips. Time charter generally does not include loading and unloading costs in the charter rate. See also voyage charter.定期租船又称期租船，是指由船舶所有人按照租船合同的约定，将一艘特定的船舶在约定的期间，交给承租人使用的租船。5载驳轮LASH（Light Aboard Ship）The lighter aboard ship (LASH) system refers to the practice of loading barges (lighters) aboard a larger vessel for transport. It was developed in response to a need to transport lighters, a type of unpowered barge, between inland waterways separated by open seas.又称子母船： 这是一种把驳船作为“浮动集装箱”，利用母船升降机和滚动设备将驳船载入母船，或利用母船上的起重设备把驳船（子船）由水面上吊起，然后放入母船体内的一种船舶，统称为载驳货船。许多载驳货船的甲板上载有集装箱船。典型的载驳货船有四种， 普通载驳货船（Lighter Aboard Ship 简称LASH）是其中的一种形式。它与全集装箱船一样，也是一种分格结构的船，舱内设有许多驳格，每一驳格内可装４ 层驳船，甲板上可堆装２ 层。6光船租船Bare Boat Charter（BBC）A bareboat ch