血栓形成与血栓栓塞.doc

血栓形成与血栓栓塞 疾病分类　老年病科 　　概述血栓栓塞性疾病是包括血栓形成和栓塞，可以发生在血液循环中任何一处心腔、动脉或者静脉。如果血液在某一局部凝固形成血凝块称为血栓形成；形成的血栓脱离原来的位置，并顺血流堵塞其他部位则称为栓塞。Thrombosis and thromboembolic disease classification Geriatrics Overview of thromboembolic disease include thrombosis and embolism, can occur in the blood circulation in the heart of any one chamber, artery or vein. If blood clots form in a local solidification called thrombosis; The formation of thrombus from the original position, and other parts along the blood flow blockage is called embolization. 症状体征　Symptoms and signs 1、静脉血栓形成 　最为多见。常见于深静脉、如：髂静脉、股静脉、肠系末静脉及门静脉等，老年人尤常见下肢静脉血栓，其常见原因为手术、外伤、恶性肿瘤、血管炎等。但多数原因不明。血栓类类型多为红细胞血栓肌纤维蛋白血栓。主要表现为：○1血栓形成局部肿胀、疼痛○2血栓远端血液回流障碍所致的临床异常，如下肢水肿、肿痛、皮肤颜色改变，腹水等。○3血栓脱落引起肺梗塞等。1, venous thrombosis is most common. Common in the deep veins, such as: iliac vein, femoral vein, mesenteric vein and portal vein end of the elderly in particular, common deep vein thrombosis, the common reason for surgery, trauma, cancer, vasculitis. However, most of unknown cause. Class type, mostly red blood cell thrombus thrombus thrombus muscle fiber protein. Mainly: ○ 1 thrombosis local swelling, pain ○ 2 distal blood clots clinical disorders caused by abnormal reflux, such as lower extremity edema, swelling, skin color changes, ascites, etc. ○ 3 thrombosis such as pulmonary infarction. 2、动脉血栓形成 多见于冠状动脉之脑动脉、肠系膜动脉及肢体动脉等，年龄是冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病的重要因素，冠心病亦能老年人总常见的心脏病，并直接威胁其生命。脑血管疾病的高患病率，高复发率、高度致残给中老年带来极大痛苦。血栓类型早期多为血小板血栓，随后为纤维蛋白血栓。临床表现有：○1发病多较突然，可有局部剧烈疼痛，如心绞痛、头痛、腹痛、肢体剧烈疼痛等○2供血部位组织缺血，缺氧所致功能异常，如心力衰竭、心源性休克、心律失常、意识障碍及偏瘫等。○3血栓脱落引起脑栓塞、心肌梗死、肾栓塞、脾栓塞等相关症状和体征，○4供血组织缺血性坏死所引发的临床表现，如发热等。2, coronary arterial thrombosis more common in the cerebral artery, superior mesenteric artery and other arterial, coronary atherosclerosis, age is an important factor in heart disease, coronary heart disease also common in the elderly general heart disease, and a direct threat to their lives . The high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease, high recurrence rate, a high degree of disability i