部分倒装与完全倒装的区别.docVIP

部分倒装与完全倒装的区别 英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常十分固定。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，这就叫做倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。一、全部倒装1．以here， there， now，then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：Here comes the train！There goes the bell！注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不能使用倒装结构。如：Here it comes！ ／ There it goes！2．有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。这时，为了使句子更形象，常将这些副词提前到句首。这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面，构成全部倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：Up went the rocket．Up it went．3．为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句首，构成全部倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker．4．表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．5．so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）。如：She has finished her homework，so has her brother．She hasn’t gone there， neither／nor has he．但如果so表示强调， 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She knows little English，so she does． 她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。二．部分倒装1．用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that﹖Did you see the film yesterday﹖2．用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略，应把were， had，should提到主语前面。如：If you had come yesterday， you would have seen him．→Had you come yesterday， you would have seen him．3．用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式：1) 副词置于句首。如：Much as I like it (＝Although I like it very much), I will not buy it．2) 动词原形置于句首。如Wait as you may(＝Although you may wait), he will not see you．3) 形容词或名词置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are (＝Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me．Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong．注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如：A bad-tempered man as he is (＝Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply．4．具有否定意义的副词或连词(not，hardly，no sooner, not until, seldom，not once，at no time，never，little等) 置于句首时，句子（主句）采用部分倒装。如：Little do we know about him．No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep．Seldom does he come back on Sundays．Not until he came back did I know about it．5．only修饰句子的状语（从句）位于句首