毕业论文外文参考资料及译文.docVIP

毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文 译文题目： 　　　　　 学生姓名： 学　　号： 专　　业： 所在学院： 指导教师： 职　　称： 年 月 日 Fundamentals of Composite Action and Shear Connection The evolution of satisfactory design methods for composite beams has been a slow process, requiring much theoretical and experimental work in order to provide economic and, at the same time, safe design criteria. The purpose of this Chapter is to describe in some detail the more important fundamentals which have to be taken into account in the design of composite structures. Historically the first analysis of a composite section was based on the conventional assumptions of the elastic theory which limit the stresses in the component materials to a certain proportion of their failure stresses (yield in the case of steel, crushing in the case of concrete). The assumptions inherent in the elastic method are similar to those for ordinary reinforced concrete. In recent years the concepts of the ultimate load design philosophy have been applied to composite action and a body of experimental evidence has shown it to be a safe, economical basis on which to proportion composite sections. Although at the present time ultimate load design methods are directly applicable only to buildings and not to bridges there seems no reason to doubt that in time the restriction will disappear. Before dealing in detail with the two design approaches (elastic and ultimate load) basic points require consideration. A clear understanding of the way in which the component materials, steel concrete and shear connection react to applied load is an essential preliminary to full analysis of the composite section. Of primary importance are the stress strains relationships, which must of necessity be the product of c