Drugs For Hypertension Cabrillo College国立大学高血压药物.pptxVIP

Drugs For Hypertension (HTN) Chapter 23 Hypertension Demographics In the United States: 74.5 Million adults Dx with HTN 56,561 deaths in 2006, contributing factor in 300,000 additional deaths/year Incidence is 1:3 adults, 77% unaware until diagnosed 1996-2006: death rate increased 19.5% Am. Heart Assn. 2010 2006 Death Rates in U.S./100,000 15.6% White males 51.1% Black males 14.3% White females 37.7% Black females Am. Heart Assn. 2010 Hypertension (HTN) Classification Normal: SBP 120 and DBP 80 PreHTN: SBP 120-139 or DBP 80-89 Stage 1 HTN: SBP 140-159 or DBP 90-99 Stage 2 HTN: SBP159 or DBP99 Joint Nat’l Committee 7, 2003 Life Span and HTN Blood Pressure naturally changes over one’s lifetime, gradually and constantly increasing from infancy through later years. HTN is common among the elder population, occurring in: 64% of all Males older than 65 75% of all Females older than 75 Pharmacology for Nurses, A Pathophysiological Approach 3rd Ed. 2011 Widespread under-treatment for this age group. Target Organs affected by HTN Heart Brain Kidneys Retina Compelling Reason For Instituting Pharmacotherapy: MI, HF, CAD, DM, CRF, CVA. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, Mosby/Elsevier 2008 DVD-ROM Adams, M., Leland, N., Urban, C. Disease Progression Heart failure Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and/or Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) Renal failure (RF) Visual impairment and blindness Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, Mosby/Elsevier 2008 DVD-ROM Case Study Mr. F. is a 39 y.o. Black male who was admitted to the ICU from the County Clinic, diagnosed with Hypertensive Crisis. His history includes childhood Appendectomy, Obesity, newly diagnosed Hypercholesterolemia, Essential Hypertension and Alcoholism. Mr. F. had sustained BP’s of 200-210/115-120 mm/Hg while in the Emergency Department (ED) until treated with IV Nitroprusside (Nitropress). His pressure was stabilized at 140-160/80-88. Tran