呼吸内科常用英文汇总讲解.doc

呼吸内科常用英文汇总 　　询问病史 case history　　You need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.　　General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s health status, menorrhea (menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history (any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children)　　常用的症状 symptoms　　fever　　Cough 咳嗽　　Sputum (dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰　　wheezing　　Dyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难　　Orthopnea 端坐呼吸　　Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难　　Shortness of breath （SOB）　　Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感　　Exercise intolerance　　pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛　　Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛　　Hemoptysis 咯血　　Bucking 呛咳　　Sneeze喷嚏　　snore 打鼾　　malaise 不舒服　　myalgia 肌痛　　insomia 失眠　　hoarseness声嘶　　dysphonia 发声困难　　常见的体征 physical signs　　clubbed fingers杵状指 : increased longitudinal and transverse curvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- like　　nicotine staining　　cyanos