经济学海水淡化和其潜在的应用在澳大利亚.docVIP

经济学海水淡化和其潜在的应用在澳大利亚 Tennille Winter, David J. Pannell and Laura McCann tennille冬天，朱j. pannell和劳拉麦卡恩 Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. 农业和资源经济，西澳大利亚大学，佩思，佤族6009年，澳大利亚。 There are concerns about the future quality and quantity of Australia’s fresh water supplies, particularly because of salinisation. 有人担心将来的质与量，澳大利亚的食水供应，尤其是因为盐碱化。 Several options exist to secure fresh water supplies for the future, including revegetation of catchments with perennial plants, engineering methods to manage saline groundwaters (for example pumping saline groundwaters into evaporation basins before they discharge into waterways), and desalination of saline water. 几个选项存在，以确保食水供应在未来的岁月，其中包括植被的集水区与多年生的植物，工程方式来管理含盐地下水（例如抽水盐碱地下水蒸发成盆地，然后排放入江河） ，并淡化盐水。 Revegetation approaches are attractive in that they address the underlying causes of salinity, but they can be very expensive when applied on the scale needed to prevent saline discharges into waterways (Pannell, 2001), and in many cases they will be slow to be effective (Hatton and Salama, 1999). 植被办法有吸引力，因为它们解决问题的根本原因的含盐量，但他们可以是很昂贵的时候，适用于大规模必要的，以防止盐水排入水道（ pannell ， 2001年） ，而且在许多情况下，它们将是缓慢的，以有效（哈顿和萨拉马， 1999年） 。 Engineering options are effective more quickly but can also be expensive. 工程备选方案，是有效更迅速，但也可以很昂贵。 Desalination seems to be an alternative with considerable potential as it gives immediate benefits and can be applied to nearly any situation or location where saline water exists, subject to it being suitably cost-effective. 海水淡化似乎是一种替代性相当大的潜力，因为它给人眼前利益，并可以适用于几乎任何情况或地点盐碱水存在，但它正在适当的成本效益。 This paper provides a summary of a more detailed review of the economics of different desalination technologies, the environmental impacts of desalination and its potential application in Australia. 本文提供了一个简要的一个更详细的审查经济学不同的海水淡化技术，环境的影响，海水淡化和其潜在的应用在澳大利亚。 Desalination processes 海水淡化过程 Desalination processes are divided into (i) thermal methods, which involve heating water to produce water vapour, a