可数名词与不数可名词.docVIP

可数名词与不可数名词名词是表示人或物的名称的词，可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词由表示某一类人或物的个体的个体名词、表示由若干个体组成的集合体的集体名词、表示无法分为个体的实物的物质名词、以及表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的抽象名词组成；专有名词则是个人、地方、机构、组织等所专有的名称。 1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)从词的形式来看，英语名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数与不可数是英语名词的最基本类别。一般说来，个体名词是可数名词；物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词是不可数名词；集体名词则有的可数， 有的不可数。1.1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)a. 可数名词有单、复数形式，单数形式用a/ an; 不可数名词没有复数形式，单数形式前不用a/ an，但可用the或不用。例如： Tom is a little boy. There are 20 boys in our class. Fish and poultry are usually not called meat. Ill pay for the meat. b. 名词的数影响句子中与之有关的谓语动词、限定词等。例如： There are many/ some/ a lot of/ (a) few people in the park. There are not many/ any people in the park. There is much/ some/ a lot of/ (a) little/ a great deal of/ a fair amount of water. There is not much/ any water. c. 下列名词常用作不可数名词： accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, cash, cloth,clothing, coal, equipment, fun, furniture, grass, harm, information, ink, knowledge, labour, laughter, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery, meat, money, news, paper, permission, popularity, progress, rice, scenery, soap, sugar, tea, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work等。1.1.2 可数名词与不可数名词之间的相互转化(Conversion of uncountable into countable and countable into uncountable) 可数名词与不可数名词在一定条件下可以相互转化。a. 物质名词一般是不可数的，但用来表示具体、个别事物，或表示各种不同品种时，通常是可数的，如different coffees, various soaps。再看以下例子： Do you care for tea? Long-jing is a well-known tea. We were not allowed to buy wine at lunch time. I like wines.b. 抽象名词一般是不可数的，但当它前后有修饰语表示某一种或某一方面的抽象概念时，其前可加a/ an。例如： A good map would be a help. It was a relief to sit down. He had a good knowledge of mathematics.c. 某些物质名词或抽象名词用作复数时，词义往往起变化。例如： Light（光）travels faster than sound. The lights（灯）are on. He is a teacher of five years experience（经验）. He is relating to us his experiences（经历）as an explorer. d. 有些集体名词，如audience, committee, class, couple, crew, family, team, government, jury, party, public等，既可作单数，又可作复数。把集体视为一个整体时，用作单数；指该集体的各个成员时，用作复数。例如： The audience is e