(长句译法.docVIP

长句的翻译 1．什么是英语长句?英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;状语从句。英语长句的特点是什么?一般说来，英语长句有如下几个特点:1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2）常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4）并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;6）习惯搭配和成语经常出现英语长句的分析方法是什么?1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。长句翻译In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.分析第一，拆分句子:这个长句可以拆分为四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days.第二，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:I met a boy…。（2）crying后面是从句“as if his heart would break”。（3）“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理:“crying as if his heart would break”应译为“哭得伤心极了”。参考译文 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。一般来说，长句的翻译有顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法四种。现将各种方法举例说明如下顺序法有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，或按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，可按原文顺序译出。例如Combined with digital television sets, videodiscs can not only present films but also offer surround sound which provides theatre quality-amazing reality by which the viewers may have an illusion that they were at the scene and witnessed everything happening just around them. 分析按意群的关系，该句可以拆分为五部分:Combined with digital television sets/videodiscs can not only present films but also offer surround sound/which provides theatre quality-amazing reality/by which the viewers may have an illusion/that they were at the scene and witnessed everything happening just around them.除了必要的增减词，原文各句的逻辑关系，表达次序与汉语基本一致，因此可以按原文译出。参考译文与数字式电视机相结合，图像光盘不仅可以演电影，还提供环境声音，产生电影院效果令人吃惊的真实感，使观看者产生一种错觉，以为他们在现场目睹他们周围发生的一切。逆序法“逆序法”又称“倒置法”，主要指句子的前后倒置问题。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。逆序法在长句的翻译中，我们可根据不同的情况按意群进行全部逆序或部分逆序。例如There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I