新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B第8和11单元中英文对照翻译..docVIP

Unit 8 Sex Roles 性别角色 Man for the sword and the needle she;Man with the head and woman with the heart;Man to command and woman to obey;All else confusion. 我们所谓人的男性化或女性化的个性特征当中，许多（如果不是全部）特征与生理性别正如服装、仪表、头饰式样与生理性别的联系一样不大相关；尔这些是社会在特定时期赋予两性的特征。Man for the field and woman for the hearth;Many, if not all, of the personality traits which we have called masculine or feminine are as lightly linked to sex as are the clothing, the manners, and the form of headdress that a society at any given period assigns to either sex. 为何这个世界总属于男人？How is it that this world has always belonged to the men? 1.戏剧中的角色是演员所扮演的角色，包括剧本规定的某些行为以及走路、说话、表达感情的方式等等。性别角色是个人在社会舞台上扮演的角色――因为自身性别而被认为是否得体的感情和行为模式，其“剧本”来自社会对男性本质和女性本质的期望：男人应该勇敢、强壮、上进、好胜，并且情感不外露；女人应该温柔、关爱、顺从、依赖他人，并且善于表达情感。Para. 1. A role in a play is a part for an actor; it includes certain scripted actions, ways of walking, talking, expressing feelings, and so forth. A sex role is a part that an individual plays as a social actor—the patterns of feeling and behavior deemed appropriate or inappropriate because of her or his gender. The “script” comes from social expectations about masculine and feminine nature: men should be brave, strong, ambitious, and aggressive, while keeping their feelings under control; women should be gentle, nurturant, passive, dependent, and expressive of their feelings. 2.性别角色以社会准则为基础，社会准则是一个社会内部可接受的公认行为标准。这些准则――如男人应该控制情感、女人应该顺从――不仅影响我们对于他人的判断，而且影响我们对自身的判断。因此，如何你是一个在情绪激动时会流泪的男性，或者一个会控制课堂讨论和争论的女性，你可能对自己判断严苛，因为你已经内化了传统的性别角色假设。因此，性别角色是我们关于自我认识――性别身份――的一部分。 Para 2 Sex roles are based on social norms—the agreed-upon standards of acceptable behavior within a society. These norms—such as the norms that men should keep their feelings under control and women should be passive—influence our judgments not only of others but also of ourselves. Thus, if you are male and prone to tears during highly emotional moments or female and likely to dominate classroom discussions and arguments, you may judge yourself harshly because you h