《2014环境工程专业英语大作业.docVIP

专业英语大作业 一、翻译 1. The breadth and complexity of the environmental problems we face and the scientific, economic and social impediments to their solution emphasize how important it is that environmental scientists and engineers gain an appreciation for the processes and functioning of all environmental compartments — air, soil, water, and energy — and intentionally account for the long-term consequences and sustainability of the actions they propose, whether they be preventative or remedial. 我们所面临的环境问题的广度和复杂程度以及对解决这个问题的科学的、经济的、社会的阻碍，都集中到了这样一个重要性：环境科学家与工程师们获得一个对多有环境因素诸如空气、石油、水、能量的流程和功能的判断，有意阐明所提议的行为的长期结果和可持续发展性，是否他们（环境问题）可以预防和补救。 As these next-generation technologies are considered, the selection of those for further development and implementation ought to consider a broadened definition of performance to include improved water quality and quantity as well as energy and materials consumption, ecosystem function at the source and sink, life-cycle impacts, and human-health outcomes. 这些被认为是下一代技术,它们进一步开发和实现的选择应当考虑改善水质量和数量,以及能源和材料消耗, 在源和水槽,生命周期的影响、人类健康结果的影响的生态系统功能的定义。 The next step is to combine the exposure data with so-called exposure–response (or concentration–response) functions (the quantified relationship between health risk and exposure to air pollution) and data for the actual frequency in the given area of, for example, deaths and hospital admissions due to air-pollution-related diseases. 下一步是把曝光数据与所谓的曝光–反应（或浓度–响应）功能(健康风险和暴露于空气污染之间的量化关系)和数据的实际频率的特定区域（例如，死亡和因空气污染住院的）相结合 Environmental engineers must seek to understand the nature and functioning of large and complex systems in order to protect whole ecosystems, produce new and sustainable technologies, prevent the outbreak of diseases across global scales, and protect the environment from damage resulting from the production of new chemicals. 环境工程师必须去理解性质和功能大而复杂的系统,以保护整个生态系统产生新的、可持续的技术,防止疾病的疫情在全球范围传播,保护环境免受新化学物质的破坏。 With increased scientific knowledge derived from laboratory studies and environmental monitoring con