人教版高中英语必修 4 unit 4语法精讲精练--- 分词作定语和状语.docVIP

必修 4 unit 4语法精讲 分词作定语和状语 作定语。单个的分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面，但是如果修饰some/any/no/every+thing/body/one 或者指示代词those时，分词应在其后。分词短语作定语时应放在所修饰词的后面。The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.) 注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。 例如： I have no teeth left. Anyone swimming will be punished. The question being discussed in the meeting is very important. There are a lot of fallen leaves on the ground. 二、作状语。分词在句中作状语时表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果或让步等多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词go doing结构中作目的状语。 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。 ①时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。 Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复 ②原因状语：分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。 Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium. There being no enough money, he couldnt buy the dictionary that he wanted.  Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldnt possibly leave right away. Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears. ③条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office. United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall. Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.④结果状语从句：现在分词作结果状语表示